Sam Neua, a small town at 1200 meters high, is the capital of Houaphan province in northeastern Laos.
Residents are mostly Lao, Vietnamese and Hmong, along with some Tai Dam, Tai Daeng and Tai Lu. The predominant language is Lao; French is still spoken by a minority of people as a legacy of the French colonial era and is learnt by younger populations and used in public works and government.